The gospel of John.
Our fourth canonical gospel.
Attributed author(s).
John (the son of Zebedee?).
Text(s) available.
John
(on site, Greek only).
Online
Greek Bible (Greek only).
Bible
Gateway (English only).
HTML Bible: John (Greek and English).
HTML Bible: John
(Latin Vulgate only).
Zhubert (Greek and English).
Kata Pi: John (Greek and English).
Sacred Texts: John (polyglot).
Useful links.
Listed inventory of
the gospel of John (on site).
Synoptic project (on site).
John at the NT Gateway.
John at Early Christian Writings.
John by Daniel Wallace.
John in the Catholic Encyclopedia.
John at Kata Pi (R. M. Grant).
ECW e-Catena: John .
Paraphrase of the Gospel of John
by Nonnos of Panopolis (PDF; Tony Prost).
Mark Goodacre, NT Gateway Blog:
Tertullian and the
Johannine appendix.
Marcan and Johannine
chronology.
Gospel manuscripts.
The last page of John
in K. W. Clark 16.
The pericope de
adultera
Patristic tradition tends to
attribute our fourth canonical gospel to John,
son of Zebedee. However, an early note in Papias implies that there
were at least two influential men named John in the early church,
and it has been suggested more than once that a John other than
the son of Zebedee penned the gospel. I myself am still sorting
through all these traditions and attributions.
Papias.
Justin Martyr.
Anti-Marcionite prologues.
Irenaeus.
Polycrates.
Theophilus of Antioch.
Tertullian.
Origen.
Dionysius of Alexandria.
Victorinus of Pettau.
Eusebius.
Jerome.
The Monarchian prologues.
Papias.
Early century I.
From Papias,
Exegesis of the Oracles
of the Lord, preface, according to Eusebius,
History of the Church
3.39.3-4:
Ουκ
οκνησω
δε
σοι
και
οσα
ποτε
παρα
των
πρεσβυτερων
καλως
εμαθον
και
καλως
εμνημονευσα
συγκαταταξαι
ταις
ερμηνειας,
διαβεβαιουμενος
υπερ
αυτων
αληθειαν.
ου
γαρ
τοις
τα
πολλα
λεγουσιν
εχαιρον
ωσπερ
οι
πολλοι,
αλλα
τοις
ταληθη
διδασκουσιν,
ουδε
τοις
τας
αλλοτριας
εντολας
μνηνευουσιν,
αλλα
τοις
τας
παρα
του
κυριου
τη
πιστει
δεδομενας
και
απ
αυτης
παραγιγνομενας
της
αληθειας.
But I shall not hesitate to arrange alongside my
interpretations as many things as I ever learned well and remembered well from
the elders, confirming the truth on their behalf. For I did not rejoice, like
many, over those who spoke many things, but [rather] over those who taught the
truth, nor over those who related strange commands, but over those who related
those given by the Lord by faith and coming from the truth itself.
Ει
δε
που
και
παρηκολουθηκως
τις
τοις
πρεσβυτεροις
ελθοι,
τους
των
πρεσβυτερων
ανεκρινον
λογους,
τι
Ανδρεας
η
τι
Πετρος
ειπεν
η
τι
Φιλιππος
η
τι
Θωμας
η
Ιακωβος
η
τι
Ιωαννης
η
Ματθαιος
η
τις
ετερος
των
του
κυριου
μαθητων
α
τε
Αριστιων
και
ο
πρεσβυτερος
Ιωαννης,
του
κυριου
μαθηται,
λεγουσιν.
ου
γαρ
τα
εκ
των
βιβλιων
τοσουτον
με
ωφελειν
υπελαμβανον
οσον
τα
παρα
ζωσης
φωνης
και
μενουσης.
And if anyone chanced to come along who had followed
the elders, I inquired as to the words of the elders, what Andrew or what
Peter had said, or what Philip or what Thomas or James or what John or Matthew
or any other of the disciples of the Lord [had said], the things which both
Aristion and the elder John, disciples of the Lord, were saying. For I did not
suppose that things from books would profit me as much as things from a living
and remaining voice.
From Philip of Side, Epitome,
codex Baroccianus 142:
Παπιας
Ιεραπολεως
επισκοπος
ακουστης
του
θεολογου
Ιωαννου
γενομενος,
Πολυκαρπου
δε
εταιρος,
πεντε
λογους
κυριακων
λογιων
εγραψεν,
εν
οις
απαριθμησιν
αποστολων
ποιουμενος
μετα
Πετρον
και
Ιωαννην,
Φιλιππον
και
Θωμαν
και
Ματθαιον
εις
μαθητας
του
κυριου
ανεγραψεν
Αριστιωνα
και
Ιωαννην
ετερον,
ον
και
πρεσβυτερον
εκαλεσεν.
ως
τινας
οιεσθαι
οτι
{τουτου}
του
Ιωαννου
εισιν
αι
δυο
επιστολαι
αι
μικραι
και
καθολικαι,
αι
εξ
ονοματος
Ιωαννου
φερομεναι,
δια
το
τους
αρχαιους
την
πρωτην
μονην
εγκρινειν.
τινες
δε
και
την
αποκαλυψιν
τουτου
πλανηθεντες
ενομισαν.
και
Παπιας
δε
περι
την
χιλιονταετηριδα
σφαλλεται,
εξ
ου
και
ο
Ειρηναιος.
Papias, bishop of Hierapolis, who was hearer of the
theologian John, and companion of Polycarp, wrote five volumes of the lordly
oracles, in which, making an enumeration of the apostles, after Peter and
John, Philip and Thomas and Matthew, to the disciples of the Lord he wrote
up Aristion and another John, whom he also called elder, so that some
suppose that of {this} John are the two short and catholic epistles which
are extant from the name of John, because the ancients classified the first
alone. And some who are deceived consider the revelation to be of this man.
But Papias too was mistaken about the millennial years, and from him also
Irenaeus.
Παπιας
εν
τω
δευτερω
λογω
λεγει
οτι
Ιωαννης
ο
θεολογος
και
Ιακωβος
ο
αδελφος
αυτου
υπο
Ιουδαιων
ανηρεθησαν.
Παπιας
ο
ειρημενος
ιστορησεν
ως
παραλαβων
απο
των
θυγατερων
Φιλιππου
οτι
Βαρσαβας
ο
και
Ιουστος
δοκιμαζομενος
υπο
των
απιστων
ιον
εχιδνης
πιων
εν
ονοματι
του
Χριστου
απαθης
διεφυλαχθη.
ιστορει
δε
και
αλλα
θαυματα
και
μαλιστα
το
κατα
την
μητερα
Μαναιμου
την
εκ
νεκρων
αναστασαν.
περι
των
υπο
του
Χριστου
εκ
νεκρων
ανασταντων,
οτι
εως
Αδριανου
εζων.
Papias in the second volume says that John the theologian
and James his brother were done away with by Jews. The aforesaid Papias reported
as having received it from the daughters of Philip that Barsabas who is Justus,
tested by the unbelievers, drank the venom of a viper in the name of the Christ
and was protected unharmed. He also reports other wonders and especially that
about the mother of Manaemus, her resurrection from the dead. Concerning those
resurrected by the Christ from the dead, that they lived until
Hadrian.
From the
Chronicon of George Harmatolos,
codex Coislinianus 305 (Lightfoot-Holmes 6):
Μετα
δε
Δομετιανον
εβασιλευσε
Νερουας
ετος
εν,
ος
ανακαλεσαμενος
Ιωαννην
εκ
της
νησου
απελυσεν
οικειν
εν
Εφεσω.
μονος
τοτε
περιων
τω
βιω
εκ
των
δωδεκα
μαθητων
και
συγγραψαμενος
το
κατ
αυτον
ευαγγελιον,
μαρτυριου
κατηξιωται.
Παπιας
γαρ
ο
Ιεραπολεως
επισκοπος
αυτοπτης
τουτου
γενομενος
εν
τω
δευτερω
λογω
των
κυριακων
λογιων
φασκει
οτι
υπο
Ιουδαιων
ανηρεθη,
πληρωσας
δηλαδη
μετα
του
αδελφου
την
του
Χριστου
περι
αυτων
προρρησιν
και
την
εαυτων
ομολογιαν
περι
τουτου
και
συγκαταθεσιν.
And, after Domitian, Nerva ruled as king for one year,
who, having called John back from the island, released him to house in Ephesus.
Being then the only one still alive from the twelve disciples, and having
composed the gospel according to himself, he was held worthy of martyrdom.
For Papias, the bishop of Heirapolis, who was the eyewitness of this man, in
the second volume of the lordly oracles claims that he was done away with by
Jews, having clearly fulfilled with his brother the prediction of Christ
about them and their own confession about this and submission.
Ειπων
γαρ
ο
κυριος
προς
αυτους·
δυνασθε
πιειν
το
ποτηριον
ο
εγω
πινω;
και
κατανευσαντων
προθυμως
και
συνθεμενων.
το
ποτηριον
μου,
φησι,
πιεσθε
και
το
βαπτισμα
ο
εγω
βαπτιζομαι
βαπτισθησεσθε.
και
εικοτως,
αδυνατον
γαρ
θεον
ψευσασθαι.
ουτω
δε
και
ο
πολυμαθης
Ωριγενης
εν
τη
κατα
Ματθαιον
ερμηνεια
διαβεβαιουται
ως
οτι
μεμαρτυρηκεν
Ιωαννης,
εκ
των
διαδοχων
των
αποστολων
υποσημαιναμενος
τουτο
μεμαθηκεναι.
και
ο
πολυιστωρ
Ευσεβειος
εν
τη
εκκλησιαστικη
ιστορια
φησι·
Θωμας
μεν
την
Παρθιαν
ειληχεν·
Ιωαννης
δε
την
Ασιαν,
προς
ους
και
διατριψας
ετελευτησεν
εν
Εφεσω.
For the Lord said to them: Are you able to drink the cup
that I drink? And they assented desirously and agreed. My cup, he says, you shall
drink, and you shall be baptized the baptism with which I am baptized. And
reasonably, for God is unable to pass falsehood. And thus also the very learned
Origen in the interpretation according to Matthew confirms as that John has been
martyred, having signaled that he learned this from the successors of the
apostles. And the well-read Eusebius in the ecclesiastical history says: Thomas was allotted Parthia,
and John Asia, where also, having passed his time, he came to his end in
Ephesus.
It is also possible that Papias commented
on the aloe mentioned in John
19.39, according to the following comment by Vardan Vardapet
(originally in Armenian):
But, concerning the aloe which people brought, some say
that it was a mixture of oil and honey, but aloe is certainly a
kind of incense. The geographer and Papias report that there are
fifteen kinds of aloe in India.
But this reference may be to Papias of Lombardy, a medieval
lexicographer.
Papias also wrote a story about a woman caught in adultery which
must have at least somewhat resembled the
pericope de adultera
found in John 7.53-8.11.
Justin.
Middle of century II.
Apology 1.61.4-5:
Και
γαρ
ο
Χριστος
ειπεν·
Αν
μη
αναγεννηθητε,
ου
μη
εισελθητε
εις
την
βασιλειαν
των
ουρανων.
For Christ also said: Unless you are born again,
you shall not go into the kingdom of the heavens.
Οτι
δε
και
αδυνατον
εις
τας
μητρας
των
τεκουσων
τους
απαξ
γεννωμενους
εμβηναι
φανερον
πασιν
εστι.
But that those who have once been born are unable
to enter into the maternal womb is apparent to all.
Confer John 3.3-4.
Anti-Marcionite prologues.
Late century II?
These Latin prologues, also called the Old Latin
prologues, precede each of the gospels in some
copies of the Latin Bible. Scholars disagree as to their exact
date, but many place them in the late second century. A Matthean prologue is not extant.
Irenaeus.
Late century II.
Irenaeus of Lyons refers explicitly to
all four canonical gospels.
From Irenaeus, Against
Heresies 3.11.1:
Hanc fidem adnuntians Iohannes domini
discipulus, volens per evangelii adnuntiationem auferre eum qui a
Cerintho inseminatus erat hominibus errorem et multo prius ab his qui
dicuntur Nicolaitae, qui sunt vulsio eiuj quae falso cognominatur
scientiae, ut confunderet eos et suaderet quoniam unus deus qui omnia
fecit per verbum suum, et non, quemadmodum illi dicunt, alterum quidem
fabricatorem, altum autem patrem domini, et alium quidem fabricatoris
filium, alterum vero de superioribus Christum quem et inpassibilem
perseverasse, descendentem in Iesum filium fabricatoris et iterum
revolasse in suum pleroma; it initium quidem esse monogenen, logon
autem iterum filium unigeniti; et eam condicionem quae est secundum
nos non a primo deo factam, sed a virtute aliqua valde deorsum subiecta
et abscissa ab eorum communicatione quae sunt invisibilia et
innominabilia, omnia igitur talia conscribere volens discipulus
domini et regulam veritatis constituere in ecclesia quia est unus
deus omnipotens qui per verbum suum omnia fecit et visibilia et
invisibilia, significans quoque quoniam per verbum per quod deus
perfecit condicionem in hoc et salutem his qui in condicione sunt
praestitit hominibus, sic inchoavit in ea quae est secundum evangelium
doctrina: In principio erat verbum, et verbum erat apud deum,
et deus erat verbum; hoc erat in principio apud deum.
omnia per ipsum facta sunt, et sine ipso factum est nihil.
quod factum est in eo vita est, et vita erat lux hominum.
et lux in tenebris lucet, et tenebrae eam non conprehenderunt.
John, the disciple of the Lord, preaches
this faith and seeks, by the proclamation of the gospel, to remove
that error which had been disseminated among men by Cerinthus, and
a long time previously by those termed Nicolaitans, who are an
offset of that knowledge falsely so called, that he might confound
them and persuade them that there is but one God, who made all
things by his word, and not, as they allege, that the creator was
one but the father of the Lord another; and that the son of the
creator was, forsooth, one, but the Christ from above another,
who also continued impassible, descending upon Jesus, the son
of the creator, and flew back again into his pleroma; and that
monogenes was the beginning, but logos was the true son of the
monogenes; and that this creation to which we belong was not
made by the primary God but rather by some power lying far below
him and shut off from communion with the things invisible and
ineffable. The disciple of the Lord, therefore, desiring to put
an end to all such doctrines and to establish the rule of truth
in the church, that there is one almighty God, who made all things
by his word, both visible and invisible, showing at the same time
that by the word, through whom God made the creation, he also
bestowed salvation on the men included in the creation, thus
commenced his teaching in the gospel: In the beginning was the
word, and the word was with God, and the word was God. The same
was in the beginning with God. All things were made by him, and
without him was nothing made. What was made was life in him,
and the life was the light of men. And the light shines in
darkness, and the darkness comprehended it not.*
* Refer to John 1.1-5.
Irenaeus Against Heresies 5.33.4 (Greek from
Eusebius, History of the Church 3.39.1):
Haec autem et Papias Iohannis auditor,
Polycarpi autem contubernalis, vetus homo, per scripturam testimonium
perhibit in quarto librorum suorum; sunt enim illi quinque libri
conscripti.
Ταυτα
δε
και
Παπιας
ο
Ιωαννου
μεν
ακουστης
Πολυκαρπου
δε
εταιρος
γεγονως,
αρχαιος
ανηρ,
εγγραφως
επιμαρτυρει
εν
τη
τεταρτη
των
εαυτου
βιβλιων.
εστιν
γαρ
αυτω
πεντε
βιβλια
συντεταγμενα.
These things Papias too, who was a hearer of John
and companion of Polycarp, and an ancient man, wrote and testified in the fourth
of his books. For there are five books arranged by him.
Polycrates.
Late century II.
Eusebius, History of the Church
3.31.1-3:
Παυλου
μεν
ουν
και
Πετρου
της
τελευτης
ο
τε
χρονος
και
ο
τροπος
και
προς
ετι
της
μετα
την
απαλλαγην
του
βιου
των
σκηνωματων
αυτων
καταθεσεως
ο
χωρος
ηδη
προτερον
ημιν
δεδηλωται.
του
δε
Ιωαννου
τα
μεν
του
χρονου
ηδη
πως
ειρηται,
το
δε
γε
του
σκηνωματος
αυτου
χωριον
εξ
επιστολης
Πολυκρατους,
της
δ
εν
Εφεσω
παροικιας
επισκοπος
ουτος
ην,
επιδεικνυται,
ην
Ουικτορι
Ρωμαιων
επισκοπω
γραφων,
ομου
τε
αυτου
και
Φιλιππου
μνημονευει
του
αποστολου
των
τε
τουτου
θυγατερων
ωδε
πως·
So both the time and the manner of the death of Paul
and Peter, as well as the place where their corpses were placed after their
departure from this life, have been already shown by us. And the time of the
death of John has already been given, but the place of his corpse is shown
from an epistle of Polycrates, and he was bishop of the parish in Ephesus,
which was written to Victor, bishop of Rome, in which [epistle] he mentions
him and Philip the apostle and the daughters of the latter, suchwise:
Και
γαρ
κατα
την
Ασιαν
μεγαλα
στοιχεια
κεκοιμηται,
ατινα
αναστησεται
τη
εσχατη
ημερα
της
παρουσιας
του
κυριου,
εν
η
ερχεται
μετα
δοξης
εξ
ουρανου
και
αναζητησει
παντας
τους
αγιους,
Φιλιππον
των
δωδεκα
αποστολων,
ος
κεκοιμηται
εν
Ιεραπολει,
και
δυο
θυγατερας
αυτου
γεγηρακυιαι
παρθενοι,
και
η
ετερα
αυτου
θυγατηρ
εν
αγιω
πνευματι
πολιτευσαμενη
εν
Εφεσω
αναπαυεται·
ετι
δε
και
Ιωαννης,
ο
επι
το
στηθος
του
κυριου
αναπεσων,
ος
εγενηθη
ιυρευς
το
πεταλον
πεφορεκως
και
μαρτυς
και
διδασκαλος,
ουτος
εν
Εφεσω
κεκοιμηται.
For in Asia also great luminaries have fallen asleep,
which shall resurrect on the last day of the advent of the Lord, in which he
is coming with glory from heaven and shall seek out all the saints, such as
Philip of the twelve apostles, who sleeps in Hierapolis, and his two daughters
who grew old as virgins, and the other daughter who conducted herself in the
holy spirit and rests in Ephesus; and there was also John, who rested upon
the breast of the Lord, who became a priest who wore the plate, both martyr
and teacher; he sleeps in Ephesus.
In History of the Church
5.24.1-3 Eusebius writes the following of Polycrates:
Των
δε
επι
της
Ασιας
επισκοπων
το
παλαι
προτερον
αυτοις
παραδοθεν
διαφυλαττειν
εθος
χρηναι
διισχυριζομενων
ηγειτο
Πολυκρατης,
ος
και
αυτος
εν
η
προς
Βικτορα
και
την
Ρωμαιων
εκκλησιαν
διετυπωσατο
γραφη
την
εις
αυτον
ελθουσαν
παραδοσιν
εκτιθεται
δια
τουτων·
Ημεις
ουν
αραδιουργητον
αγομεν
την
ημεραν,
μητε
προστιθεντες
μητε
αφαιρουμενοι.
But the bishops of Asia, led by Polycrates,
decided to hold to the old custom handed down to them. He himself,
in a letter which he addressed to Victor and the church of Rome,
set forth in the following words the tradition which had come down
to him: We observe the exact day; neither adding, nor taking
away.
At this point the epistle of Polycrates continues exactly as in
History of the Church 3.31.1-3,
with the sentence about the great luminaries in Asia, except that
in this instance Eusebius has omitted the word
εσχατη
modifying ημερα.
The Muratorian canon.
Late century II.
This canonical list
witnesses to the gospel of John directly.
Theophilus of Antioch.
Late century II.
Jerome writes in epistle 121 that Theophilus compiled the sayings
of the four evangelists into one work,
and he refers in general to inspired gospels (in the plural).
Theophilus also quotes from the
gospel of John by name in
To Autolycus 2.22.2:
Οθεν
διδασκουσιν
ημας
αι
αγιαι
γραφαι
και
παντες
οι
πνευματοφοροι,
εξ
ων
Ιωαννης
λεγει·
Εν
αρχη
ην
ο
λογος,
και
ο
λογος
ην
προς
τον
θεον,
δεικνυς
οτι
εν
πρωτοις
μονος
ην
ο
θεος
και
εν
αυτω
ο
λογος.
επειτα
λεγει·
Και
θεος
ην
ο
λογος·
παντα
δι
αυτου
εγενετο,
και
χωρις
αυτου
εγενετο
ουδεν.
Whence the holy writings and all those borne
by the spirit teach us, from among whom John says: In the beginning was the
word, and the word was with God, showing that at first God was alone
and the word was in him. Then he says: The word was God; all things
came to be through him; and apart from him nothing came to be.
Tertullian.
Early century III.
Tertullian affirms the four gospels
as authoritative.
Refer also to my page on Tertullian
and the Johannine appendix.
Origen.
Early century III.
Origen knows all four canonical
gospels by name.
Dionysius of Alexandria.
Middle of century III.
Dionysius affirms that the gospel and one epistle of John, but not the
apocalypse of John,
were penned by the apostle John, son of Zebedee, brother of
James, according to Eusebius, History
of the Church 7.25.7, quoting from Dionysius:
Καλεισθαι
μεν
ουν
αυτον
Ιωαννην
και
ειναι
την
γραφην
Ιωαννου
ταυτην
ουκ
αντερω,
αγιου
μεν
γαρ
ειναι
τινος
και
θεοπνευστου
συναινω
ου
μην
ραδιως
αν
συνθειμην
τουτον
ειναι
τον
αποστολον,
τον
υιον
Ζεβεδαιου,
τον
αδελφον
Ιακωβου,
ου
το
ευαγγελιον
το
κατα
Ιωαννην
επιγεγραμμενον
και
η
επιστολη
η
καθολικη.
Therefore that he was called John, and that
this book is the work of one John, I do not deny. And I agree also
that it is the work of a holy and inspired man. But I cannot readily
admit that he was the apostle, the son of Zebedee, the brother of James,
by whom the gospel of John and the catholic epistle were
written.
Victorinus of Pettau.
Late century III.
Victorinus knows all four canonical
gospels by name.
Eusebius.
Early century IV.
Eusebius knows all four canonical
gospels by name.
From the Chronicle:
Ιωαννην
τον
θεολογαν
και
αποστολον
Ειρηναιος
και
αλλοι
ιστορουσι
παραμειναι
τω
βιω
εως
χρονων
Τραιανου·
μεθ
ον
Παπιας
Ιεραπολιτης
και
Πολυκαρπος
Σμυρνης
επισκοπος
ακουσται
αυτου
εγνωριζοντο.
Irenaeus and others record that John the theologian and
apostle remained alive until the time of Trajan, after whom Papias of
Hierapolis and Polycarp the bishop of Smyrna, his hearers, were made
known.
Refer to my page on Papias for the
Latin text of this passage that Jerome offers.
Jerome.
Late century IV or early century V.
Jerome knows all four canonical
gospels by name.
Jerome, commentary on the epistle of Paul to the Galatians
(translation slightly modified from Orchard and Riley,
The Order of the Synoptics,
pages 207-208):
Beatus Ioannes evangelista cum Ephesi
moraretur usque ad ultimam senectutem et vix inter discipulorum manus
ad ecclesiam deferretur nec posset in plura vocem verba contexere,
nihil aliud per singulas solebat proferri collectas, nisi hoc: Filioli,
diligite alterutrum. tandem discipuli et fratres qui aderant, taedio
affecti quod eadem semper audirent, dixerunt: Magister, quare semper
hoc loqueris? qui respondit dignam Ioanne sententiam: Quia praeceptum
domini est, et si solum fiat, sufficit. hoc propter praesens apostoli
mandatum: Operemur bonum ad omnes; maxime autem ad domesticos fidei.
Blessed John the evangelist, while dwelling
at Ephesus, would even in extreme old age be borne with difficulty
in the hands of his disciples into the church. He had not the strength
for many words, yet he was in the habit of saying nothing in each of
his prayers but this: Little children, love one another.1
At last the disciples and brethren who were present, irritated at
always hearing the same thing, said: Master, why do you keep on saying
this? His answer was wholly characteristic of John: Because it is the
command of the Lord, and, if it were that alone, it would be enough.
Hence this present command of the apostle: Let us do good to all, but
especially to members of the household of the faith.1
1 For loving one another refer to
John 13.34; 15.12, 17; 1 John 3.11, 23; 4.7, 11-12; 2 John 1.5.
Confer Romans 13.8; 1 Thessalonians 4.9; 1 Peter 1.22.
For little children refer to John 13.33; 1 John 2.1, 12, 28;
3.7, 18; 4.4; 5.21.
2 Refer to Galatians 6.10.
The Monarchian prologues.
Century IV or V.
These Latin prologues
precede the gospels in some manuscripts of the Latin Bible. A prologue is extant for each of the four canonical gospels.
Attestation for the gospel:
The epistles of Ignatius (?),
the gospel of Thomas (?),
the long ending of Mark (?),
Papias (implied),
the gospel of Peter (?),
Ƿ52,
papyrus Egerton 2 (?),
Ƿ90,
Justin Martyr
(Apology 1.61.4),
Valentinus (Irenaeus, Against
Heresies 1.8.5-6; Clement of Alexandria, Excerpts from Theodotus),
Heracleon (Origen, Commentary on
John, passim),
the odes of Solomon,
the traditions of the elders,
the gospel prologues,
Melito of Sardis (Paschal Homily),
Apollinaris of Hierapolis (from the Chronicon Paschale), the Montanists,
the Epistula Apostolorum,
the Diatessaron of Tatian,
Irenaeus (including Against
Heresies 3.11.9),
the Muratorian canon,
Polycrates of Ephesus (Eusebius, History
of the Church 3.31.1-4),
Theophilus of Antioch (To Autolycus
2.22.2; Jerome, epistle 121),
Celsus (Origen, Against
Celsus 1.70), Clement of Alexandria (century II),
Origen, Gaius of Rome,
the Alogi (Epiphanius, Panarion 51),
Victorinus of Pettau (On the
Apocalypse, book 4),
Ƿ5,
Ƿ22,
Ƿ28,
Ƿ39,
Ƿ45,
Ƿ66,
Ƿ75,
Ƿ80,
Ƿ95 (century III),
Eusebius,
Ƿ6,
א, B, 0162 (century IV),
Jerome, A, C, D, L, W, Δ,
Θ,
Ψ.
Refer to my page on gospel
origins.
Ptolemy on the prologue of John.
From Irenaeus, Against Heresies
1.8.5 (Greek from Epiphanius,
Panarion 31.27.1):
Ετι
δε
Ιωαννην
τον
μαθητην
του
κυριου
διδασκουσι
την
πρωτην
ογδοαδα
μεμηνυκεναι,
αυταις
λεξεσι
λεγοντες
ουτως·
Ιωαννης
ο
μαθητης
του
κυριου,
βουλομενος
ειπειν
την
των
ολων
γενεσιν....
But [the Valentinians] teach that John the
disciple of the Lord made mention of the first ogdoad, saying thus in these
words: John the disciple of the Lord, wishing to say the origin of the whole
of all things....
What follows from this point is an exposition of John 1.1-18.
Source: Martin Hengel, The Johannine
Question, page 145, note 34. Hengel notes that Ptolemy is explicitly
mentioned at the end of the section (but only in the Latin version, not in
the Greek): Et Ptolemaeus quidem ita (and
indeed [it is] Ptolemy [who thinks] thus).
Martin Hengel, The Johannine
Question, page 9:
In addition to Ptolemy, I should also mention Heracleon,
who was his slightly later contemporary in Rome. Like Ptolemy, he calls
John 'the disciple' (as opposed to the Baptist) and reckons him among
the apostles. He also wrote the first allegorical commentary on the
Gospel of John. The Alexandrian pupil of Valentinus, Theodotus, also
often made use of it, calling John and Paul
'apostolos'.
On page 146, note 44, Hengel refers the reader to W. Völker,
Quellen zur Geschichte der christlichen Gnosis,
in Sammlung ausgewählter kirchen- und
dogmengeschichtlicher Quellenschriften NF 5, 1932,
pages 63-86.
Johannine editing quirks?
John 5.1-47 takes place in Jerusalem, but then John 6.1 has Jesus
going to the other side of the sea of Galilee, or Tiberias; should
chapters 5 and 6 be switched? In John 14.31 Jesus says: Arise, let
us go, but then the speech continues for three more chapters.
John 3.5 (unless one is born of water and spirit...) versus
7.39 (the spirit was not yet given). John 7.15-24 seems to go with
John 5.1-47; the transition from 7.14 to 7.25 is smooth. John
10.19-21 seems to go with 9.1-41. John 10.1-18 seems to go with
10.27-29. John 12.44-50 seems to go with John 9.1-41.
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